Do Jeep Grand Cherokees Hold Their Value? Expert Analysis & Data

Wondering if a Jeep Grand Cherokee is a smart investment? The short answer is yes—Jeep Grand Cherokees generally hold their value better than many other SUVs, retaining approximately 50-55% of their value after five years, which exceeds the industry average of 40%. However, value retention varies significantly by model year, trim level, and even geographical location. This comprehensive guide examines exactly how well Grand Cherokees maintain their value and what factors impact their depreciation rate.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

FactorImpact on Value Retention
Model GenerationWK2 (2011-2021) models typically hold value best
Trim LevelLimited, Overland, and SRT trims depreciate slower
Powertrain OptionV8 models and 4×4 systems command higher resale values
LocationSnow-belt states and rural areas see stronger values
Model Year2014-2018 models offer best value retention within WK2 generation
MaintenanceWell-documented service history can add 5-10% to resale value
ModificationsLight off-road upgrades may help value; excessive mods hurt it

Initial Query Semantics

When potential buyers search “Do Jeep Grand Cherokees hold their value,” they’re typically looking for data-driven answers about depreciation rates, comparative value retention against competitors, and practical advice about which models represent the best investment. This article addresses all these concerns with current market insights and expert analysis.

Understanding Vehicle Depreciation and the Jeep Market Position

Depreciation—the rate at which vehicles lose value over time—is typically the largest expense of vehicle ownership. According to detailed depreciation analysis from CarEdge, most vehicles lose 20-30% of their value in the first year and approximately 60% after five years. SUVs, particularly those with strong brand recognition and off-road capability, often perform better than average.

Jeep Grand Cherokees benefit from the strong Jeep brand heritage, which has cultivated remarkable consumer loyalty and recognition since 1941. This brand equity translates directly into stronger resale values, as Jeep’s rugged reputation and off-road capability maintain appeal in the used market long after initial purchase.

The SUV segment itself performs better than sedans in value retention, with midsize SUVs holding approximately 5-7% more value at the five-year mark compared to midsize sedans. Within this advantaged category, Grand Cherokees position themselves as premium-adjacent vehicles—not quite luxury-priced when new, but offering many upscale features that help maintain their appeal as used vehicles.

Grand Cherokee Evolution and Historical Value Performance

The Jeep Grand Cherokee’s value retention varies significantly across its five generations, with newer generations generally performing better in the resale market due to improved build quality, technology, and reliability. Understanding the differences between Jeep Cherokee models and generations can help you make a more informed purchase decision.

First and Second Generations (ZJ/WJ: 1993-2004)

Early Grand Cherokees (1993-2004) have largely completed their depreciation cycle, with clean examples now stabilizing in value. While most have depreciated to 10-15% of their original MSRP, exceptional low-mileage examples are beginning to see slight appreciation as collector interest grows. The “Jeep tax”—the premium that enthusiasts will pay for well-maintained examples—is particularly evident in these earlier generations.

The second-generation WJ models (1999-2004) with the 4.7L V8 and low mileage command the strongest prices, often 20-30% higher than comparable V6 models. These older models now depreciate much slower than newer generations, having already experienced most of their value loss.

Third Generation (WK: 2005-2010)

The third-generation Grand Cherokee (2005-2010) represented a significant shift in design and engineering under DaimlerChrysler ownership. These models initially suffered from faster depreciation due to some reliability concerns and higher fuel consumption, but well-maintained examples with the 5.7L HEMI V8 have begun to stabilize in value, particularly 2008-2010 model years after quality improvements were implemented.

Data shows WK models typically retain about 25-30% of their value after 12-15 years, which is slightly below average for the segment, largely due to higher repair costs and lower fuel efficiency.

Fourth Generation (WK2: 2011-2021)

The fourth-generation Grand Cherokee (2011-2021) represents the sweet spot for value retention in today’s market. These models benefited from significantly improved build quality, better powertrains, and more modern technology packages. Five-year-old WK2 models typically retain about 52-58% of their original value—approximately 10% better than the industry average.

Premium trims like the Limited, Overland, and particularly the performance-oriented SRT models hold their value exceptionally well, sometimes retaining up to 65% of their value after five years. The 2014-2018 model years, which received various improvements while avoiding some late-model reliability issues, perform best in the resale market. However, it’s worth checking which Grand Cherokee years to avoid before making a purchase.

Fifth Generation (WL: 2022-present)

The latest Grand Cherokee generation (2022-present) shows promising early depreciation patterns, with one-year-old models retaining approximately 80-85% of their MSRP—slightly better than the segment average. The new generation’s improved technology, interior quality, and introduction of the 4xe hybrid powertrain appear to be supporting strong residual values.

However, as with any new generation, the true value retention pattern will become clearer after 3-5 years in the market. Early indications suggest the new WL generation will continue the Grand Cherokee’s tradition of above-average value retention.

Depreciation Factors Analysis

Multiple factors influence how well a specific Grand Cherokee will hold its value. Understanding these can help both buyers and sellers make more informed decisions.

Build Quality and Reliability Data

Reliability directly impacts resale value, and Grand Cherokees have shown mixed performance in this area. According to J.D. Power data, Grand Cherokees typically score slightly above average in overall reliability, with the 2014-2018 model years performing particularly well.

Common reliability issues that affect value include electronic problems in the 2011-2013 models and transmission concerns in some 2014-2015 vehicles. Models with documented fixes for these issues tend to command higher prices in the used market.

Consumer Reports data indicates that Grand Cherokees from 2016 onward show improved reliability scores, which correlates with stronger value retention for these model years. The data suggests that buying a Grand Cherokee from a reliability sweet spot year can result in 5-8% better value retention over five years.

Total Cost of Ownership Impact

Beyond initial depreciation, total ownership costs significantly impact a vehicle’s value proposition. Grand Cherokees tend to have higher-than-average maintenance costs—approximately 10-15% above the midsize SUV segment mean. However, parts availability is excellent, and the widespread dealer network helps mitigate some service concerns.

Insurance costs for Grand Cherokees run approximately 5-10% higher than average for the segment, while fuel economy in V6 models is competitive but V8 models lag behind many competitors. These factors are priced into the used market, contributing to slightly faster depreciation for V8 models despite their higher initial demand.

The five-year total cost of ownership for a Grand Cherokee averages $42,000-$48,000 (including depreciation), positioning it midpack in its segment—more expensive than mainstream options like the Honda Pilot but more affordable than luxury alternatives like the BMW X5.

Trim Level and Option Value Retention

Not all Grand Cherokees depreciate equally, with significant variation across trim levels:

  • Laredo (Base) Models: Depreciate fastest, losing approximately 65% of value in five years
  • Limited Models: Better equipped and hold about 55-58% of value after five years
  • Overland/Summit Models: Premium trims retain approximately 50-55% of value
  • SRT Performance Models: Best performers, retaining 45-50% of value after five years

Certain options maintain value better than others. Four-wheel drive consistently adds 5-8% to resale value versus two-wheel drive models. Premium audio systems, leather interiors, and advanced safety packages typically recoup 20-30% of their option cost at resale, while appearance packages and custom paint colors recover very little of their premium.

Powertrain Impact on Value

Engine choice significantly impacts Grand Cherokee resale values:

  • 3.6L Pentastar V6: Standard engine balances performance and economy, with average depreciation
  • 5.7L HEMI V8: Commands 5-10% premium in resale market despite higher operating costs
  • 6.4L SRT V8: Limited availability helps maintain stronger values in enthusiast markets
  • 6.2L Supercharged V8 (Trackhawk): Rarity and performance support exceptional value retention
  • 3.0L EcoDiesel: Initially commanded premium but warranty concerns have eroded this advantage

The data shows that while V8 models typically cost more to operate, their desirability and relative scarcity support stronger resale values, particularly in regions where fuel economy is less of a consideration for buyers.

Color and Aesthetic Longevity

Color choice has a surprising impact on Grand Cherokee resale values. Analysis of auction data reveals:

  • Neutral colors (Black, White, Silver, Gray): Depreciate most predictably, approximately 1-2% better than average
  • Dark metallic colors (Dark Blue, Green, Burgundy): Perform slightly better than average in resale
  • Bright colors (Red, Yellow, Bright Blue): Can vary dramatically, with some commanding premiums in specific models (especially SRT variants)
  • Limited edition colors: Can add 3-5% to resale value, particularly for special models

Interior color shows similar patterns, with neutral tones (black, gray) depreciating most predictably while lighter interiors (tan, cream) can hurt value due to visible wear concerns.

Technology and Feature Obsolescence

In-vehicle technology depreciation has become a significant factor as automotive technology advances rapidly. Navigation systems, once a premium feature, now add minimal value in the resale market due to the superiority of smartphone integration.

Early Uconnect systems (pre-2016) have depreciated significantly as they lack modern smartphone integration, while 2016+ systems with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto support help maintain value. Safety technology shows a similar pattern, with basic features now expected and advanced systems helping support value in higher trim levels.

Data indicates that models with up-to-date technology packages can command 5-7% better resale values than identical vehicles without these features, highlighting the importance of technology in the modern used car market.

Market Comparison Analysis

To truly understand Grand Cherokee value retention, we must compare it with key market alternatives across different SUV segments.

Mainstream Midsize SUV Competition

Against mainstream midsize SUV competitors, the Grand Cherokee performs admirably in value retention:

  • Toyota 4Runner: Class leader, retaining approximately 60-65% of value after five years
  • Jeep Grand Cherokee: Strong second place, retaining 50-55% after five years
  • Honda Pilot: Approximately 45-50% retention after five years
  • Ford Explorer: Approximately 40-45% retention after five years
  • Chevrolet Blazer: Below average, with 35-40% retention after five years

The 4Runner’s exceptional value retention is largely due to its proven reliability and true off-road capability, areas where the Grand Cherokee also excels but not quite to Toyota’s standard. However, the Grand Cherokee offers a more premium on-road experience that helps it outperform most mainstream competitors.

Premium and Luxury SUV Positioning

The Grand Cherokee occupies an interesting position between mainstream and luxury segments, and its value retention reflects this:

  • Lexus RX: Class-leading luxury retention at approximately 55-60% after five years
  • Grand Cherokee Overland/Summit: Near-luxury retention at 50-55% after five years
  • BMW X5: Premium luxury retention at 40-45% after five years
  • Mercedes-Benz GLE: Premium luxury retention at 35-40% after five years

This data reveals an important insight: high-end Grand Cherokee trims experience depreciation closer to Lexus models than to German luxury brands, making them strong value propositions for buyers seeking near-luxury features without the steeper luxury depreciation curve.

Off-Road Focused Competitor Analysis

When comparing off-road-focused SUVs, capability credentials significantly impact value retention:

  • Toyota 4Runner TRD Pro: Best-in-class at 65-70% value retention after five years
  • Jeep Wrangler Rubicon: Excellent at 60-65% value retention after five years
  • Grand Cherokee Trailhawk: Very good at 55-60% value retention after five years
  • Land Rover Defender: Good but variable at 45-50% value retention after five years
  • Ford Bronco: Early data suggests strong retention but insufficient historical data

The Grand Cherokee’s Trailhawk variant performs exceptionally well, approaching Wrangler-like value retention while offering a more comfortable daily driving experience. This combination of capability and comfort helps explain its strong position in this specialized segment.

Value-Retention Leaders

Among vehicles known for exceptional value retention, the Grand Cherokee performs respectably:

  • Toyota Tacoma: Class-leading retention at 65-70% after five years
  • Toyota 4Runner: Exceptional retention at 60-65% after five years
  • Jeep Wrangler: Excellent retention at 60-65% after five years
  • Grand Cherokee (SRT/Trailhawk): Very good retention at 55-60% after five years
  • Honda CR-V: Good retention at 50-55% after five years

This comparison highlights that while the Grand Cherokee doesn’t match the absolute best value-retention vehicles in the market, its premium variants perform remarkably well, particularly considering their higher initial price points and more luxurious positioning.

Geographical and Seasonal Factors

Location and timing dramatically influence Grand Cherokee values, creating opportunities for savvy buyers and sellers.

Regional Market Analysis

Grand Cherokee values vary significantly by region, with price differences of up to 15% for identical vehicles:

  • Snow Belt States (Northeast, Upper Midwest): Command 5-10% premium due to 4×4 capability
  • Mountain States (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming): Similar premium for off-road capability
  • Southern States: Lower values for 4×4 models but stronger demand for premium trims
  • West Coast: Mixed market with higher values in outdoor-recreation areas, lower in urban centers

Understanding these regional differences can create arbitrage opportunities for buyers willing to purchase in low-value markets and potentially sell in high-value regions.

Climate and Terrain Value Impact

The Grand Cherokee’s capability-focused design creates distinct value patterns based on local conditions:

  • Areas with severe winters: 4×4 models command 8-12% premium during winter months
  • Flood-prone regions: Slight discount due to concerns about potential water damage
  • Mountain/outdoor recreation areas: Trail-rated models command 5-10% premium year-round
  • Urban environments: Luxury features valued over off-road capability

These climate and terrain factors don’t just affect which Grand Cherokee model is most valuable in an area—they influence overall value retention, with capable models in challenging environments depreciating significantly slower.

Urban vs. Rural Market Dynamics

The urban/rural divide creates distinct Grand Cherokee value patterns:

  • Urban Markets: Premium trims (Summit, Overland) hold value best; off-road capability less valued
  • Suburban Markets: Balanced demand for both luxury features and capability
  • Rural Markets: Trail capability and V8 powertrains command significant premiums
  • Agricultural Areas: Work-oriented models with towing capacity see stronger values

This bifurcation means that rural-used Grand Cherokees often command 5-8% higher prices when equipped with V8 engines and off-road packages, while urban examples with luxury options but two-wheel drive can struggle to maintain value.

Seasonal Buying Opportunities

Grand Cherokee values fluctuate predictably throughout the year:

  • Winter (Nov-Feb): 4×4 models peak in value, commanding 5-8% premium
  • Spring (Mar-May): Balanced market with moderate demand
  • Summer (Jun-Aug): Slight premium for towing-capable models during travel season
  • Fall (Sept-Oct): Often represents the best buying opportunity with 3-5% lower prices

These seasonal patterns are most pronounced in regions with distinct weather patterns and least notable in temperate climates, creating timing opportunities for buyers who can purchase counter-cyclically.

Model Year Value Analysis and Recommendations

Not all Grand Cherokee model years perform equally in value retention, with significant variation even within generations.

Best Value Years by Generation

Data analysis reveals certain standout years within each generation:

  • First Generation (ZJ): 1998 models with the 5.9 Limited package have achieved minor collector status
  • Second Generation (WJ): 2004 models benefit from end-of-generation refinements
  • Third Generation (WK): 2008-2010 models after quality improvements show best retention
  • Fourth Generation (WK2): 2014-2018 models combine modern features with proven reliability
  • Fifth Generation (WL): Too new for definitive patterns, but well-equipped 2022 models show promise

The data consistently shows that mid-generation models after initial quality issues have been addressed, but before significant design refreshes, typically offer the strongest value retention.

Years to Approach with Caution

Certain model years consistently underperform in value retention due to known issues:

  • 2005-2007: Early WK generation with various reliability concerns
  • 2011-2013: Early WK2 models with electrical and transmission issues
  • 2019-2020: Late WK2 models with reported engine problems

These problematic years typically show 5-10% worse value retention compared to better years within the same generation. Used buyers should approach these models with careful pre-purchase inspections, while sellers may need to price them more aggressively.

Sweet Spot Analysis: Best Age to Buy

For optimal value, the data points to specific sweet spots in the Grand Cherokee’s depreciation curve:

  • 3-5 years old: Typically retains 50-60% of value but has already absorbed the steepest depreciation
  • 6-8 years old: Often available at 35-45% of original MSRP with substantial useful life remaining
  • 10+ years old: May represent excellent value if well-maintained, having depreciated to 20-25% of MSRP

The optimal purchase point for most buyers is a 3-5 year old Grand Cherokee from a recommended model year, balancing modern features with minimized future depreciation.

Future Classic Potential

Some Grand Cherokee variants show early signs of becoming future collectibles:

  • SRT-8 Models (2006-2010): First-generation performance variants are stabilizing in value
  • Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT (2012-2020): Strong performance credentials with limited production
  • Trackhawk (2018-2021): Supercharged performance and rarity support future collectibility
  • 25th Anniversary Editions: Limited production and special features may support long-term value

While most Grand Cherokees will continue normal depreciation, these special variants have potential for value stabilization or even appreciation in well-preserved, low-mileage examples.

Ownership Strategy for Maximum Value

Strategic ownership practices can significantly impact Grand Cherokee value retention, with proper approaches potentially adding thousands to eventual resale value.

Purchase Strategy by Buyer Type

Different buyers have distinct needs that should guide their Grand Cherokee purchase:

  • Family Buyers: Mid-trim models (Limited) with safety features offer best value proposition
  • Luxury Seekers: Lightly-used Summit/Overland models after initial depreciation provide luxury at discount
  • Off-Road Enthusiasts: Trailhawk variants or models with Off-Road Group packages maintain strongest capability value
  • Performance Buyers: SRT models represent strongest performance value compared to European alternatives

A clear understanding of usage profile should guide not just which Grand Cherokee to buy, but also which options and features will maintain value for the intended use case.

Maintenance Impact on Resale

Maintenance significantly impacts Grand Cherokee resale values:

  • Dealer Service History: Complete records can add 5-8% to resale value
  • Preventative Maintenance: Regular oil changes and timing chain maintenance particularly important
  • Documented Repairs: Properly addressed recalls and known issues prevent value penalties
  • Fluid Services: Evidence of transmission and differential fluid services support stronger values

Data shows that Grand Cherokees with complete maintenance records sell approximately 12-15 days faster and for 5-10% more than identical vehicles with unclear history, making record-keeping one of the highest-ROI activities for maintaining value.

Modification Strategy for Value

Modifications impact Grand Cherokee values differently based on type and quality:

  • Beneficial Modifications: Quality lift kits (1-2″), premium wheels/tires, factory-style upgrades
  • Neutral Modifications: Modern stereo upgrades, quality lighting improvements
  • Negative Modifications: Extreme lifts, engine modifications, bright custom colors, cheap accessories

The data shows a clear pattern: modifications that enhance capability while maintaining factory-like quality and appearance can add value or at least be value-neutral, while extreme customization almost always harms resale value except in niche buyer markets.

Optimal Selling Strategy

When selling a Grand Cherokee, strategic approaches can yield significantly better results:

  • Timing: Winter sales of 4×4 models can command 5-8% premium in northern markets
  • Preparation: Professional detailing yields an average 2-3x return on investment at sale
  • Market Selection: Private party sales typically yield 10-15% more than trade-in values
  • Listing Quality: Comprehensive listings with maintenance records and quality photos sell 30% faster
  • Pre-Sale Inspection: Addressing minor issues before sale typically returns 150-200% of repair cost

The most successful sellers combine these approaches, timing well-prepared vehicles with complete documentation for maximum value—potentially adding 15-20% compared to poorly executed sales of identical vehicles.

Future Outlook and Investment Potential

Looking ahead, several factors will influence Grand Cherokee value retention in coming years.

Market Trend Impact

Broader automotive trends will affect Grand Cherokee values:

  • SUV Demand: Continuing strong SUV preference supports stable values
  • Fuel Prices: Potential vulnerability for V8 models if gas prices rise substantially
  • Off-Road Popularity: Growing outdoor recreation trends benefit capable models
  • Urban Downsizing: Potential pressure on larger SUVs in dense urban environments

The data suggests continued strong demand for Grand Cherokees in the 5-10 year horizon, with premium trims and special editions likely maintaining the strongest relative values.

Electrification and Technology Impact

The automotive industry’s electric transition will inevitably impact Grand Cherokee values:

  • 4xe Hybrid Models: Early data suggests strong value retention due to efficiency and capability
  • Conventional Powertrains: May face increasing depreciation pressure as electrification expands
  • Technology Features: Models with current connectivity features will age better than dated systems
  • Safety Systems: Advanced driver assistance features increasingly expected rather than premium

The introduction of the Grand Cherokee 4xe suggests Jeep is positioning for this transition, potentially protecting values better than competitors without electrification strategies.

Grand Cherokee as a Financial Decision

From a pure financial perspective, the Grand Cherokee represents:

  • Above-Average Value Retention: Typically 5-10% better than segment average
  • Moderate Ownership Costs: Higher than mainstream models but lower than luxury alternatives
  • Predictable Depreciation: Well-established patterns enable strategic buying and selling
  • Strong Brand Support: Continuing brand strength provides depreciation buffer

While no mass-market vehicle is truly an “investment,” the Grand Cherokee—particularly in limited, special, or performance trims—represents one of the stronger value propositions in the midsize SUV segment.

Conclusion and Buyer Decision Guide

So, do Jeep Grand Cherokees hold their value? The answer is a qualified yes—they generally retain value better than average, but with significant variation based on model year, trim, powertrain, and location.

For optimal value retention, focus on:

  1. Sweet Spot Models: 2014-2018 WK2 generation models with mid to high trim levels
  2. Desirable Options: 4×4 systems, V8 engines (where appropriate), and premium packages
  3. Documentation: Complete service records and addressed recalls/updates
  4. Proper Maintenance: Adherence to recommended service intervals, especially for complex systems
  5. Strategic Timing: Purchase at value low points and potentially sell during seasonal demand peaks

For most buyers, a 3-5 year old Grand Cherokee in Limited or higher trim, with documented maintenance and mid-cycle production date, represents the optimal balance of features, reliability, and future value retention.

When viewed through a value-retention lens, the Grand Cherokee stands out as a strong performer in a competitive segment, offering an appealing blend of capability, luxury, and respectable depreciation resistance that few competitors can match.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which Grand Cherokee model year has the best resale value?

The 2014-2018 models from the WK2 generation (fourth generation) typically show the best value retention, having benefited from quality improvements while offering modern features. Within this range, 2017-2018 Limited and Overland trims with the 3.6L V6 generally represent the best balance of features and reliability for long-term value.

Do Grand Cherokee SRT models hold their value better than standard models?

Yes, Grand Cherokee SRT models typically retain 5-10% more of their value than standard models at the five-year mark. Their limited production numbers, performance credentials, and enthusiast appeal create stronger demand in the used market. The Trackhawk models show even stronger retention, with some low-mileage examples selling for near their original MSRP even after 2-3 years.

How does Grand Cherokee value retention compare to Wrangler models?

While Grand Cherokees hold their value better than most midsize SUVs, they typically don’t match the exceptional value retention of Jeep Wranglers. Wranglers generally retain 5-10% more value at the five-year mark compared to equivalent-age Grand Cherokees. However, higher-trim Grand Cherokees (Overland, Summit) and performance models (SRT, Trackhawk) can approach Wrangler-like value retention in certain markets.

Does the V8 engine improve a Grand Cherokee’s resale value?

Generally yes, but with some caveats. V8 models typically command a 5-8% premium in the used market, particularly for towing and performance applications. However, in areas with high fuel costs or urban environments, this advantage may be reduced. The 5.7L HEMI V8 offers the best balance of performance and marketability, while SRT and Trackhawk performance variants show the strongest overall value retention among V8 models.

Should I buy a new Grand Cherokee or a slightly used model for better value?

From a pure value perspective, purchasing a 2-3 year old Grand Cherokee typically offers the best financial proposition. These vehicles have already experienced their steepest depreciation (approximately 30-40%) while retaining most modern features and substantial warranty coverage. However, if you plan to keep the vehicle 8+ years, buying new can be competitive as you’ll experience the entire ownership cycle and potentially benefit from better financing options and full warranty coverage.

Are Grand Cherokee Limited and Overland trims worth the premium over Laredo models?

For value retention, yes. Limited and Overland trims typically depreciate at a slower percentage rate than Laredo models, recouping about 25-30% of their initial premium at the five-year resale mark. These higher trims also tend to sell faster on the used market (averaging 8-12 fewer days listed). The Summit trim, while luxurious, tends to depreciate somewhat faster due to its luxury-level initial price point without the corresponding luxury badge value.

How does location affect my Grand Cherokee’s value?

Location can impact Grand Cherokee values by up to 15%. Four-wheel-drive models command the highest premiums in snow-belt states (Northeast, Upper Midwest) and mountain regions (Colorado, Wyoming, Montana), particularly during winter months. Conversely, 2WD models fare better in Southern states and urban environments. Regions with active outdoor lifestyles generally support stronger Grand Cherokee values across all trims due to the vehicle’s adventure-ready reputation.

Will modifications help or hurt my Grand Cherokee’s resale value?

Most modifications negatively impact resale value, with a few exceptions. Mild, quality off-road modifications (slight lift, better tires, protective additions) can be value-neutral or slightly positive in markets valuing capability. Factory-style upgrades (OEM+ approach) generally don’t harm value. However, extensive customization, non-reversible modifications, and quality issues will substantially reduce the buyer pool and typically reduce value by 10-20% compared to stock examples.